:root {
  --red: #8C1515;          /* Stanford cardinal */
  --red-dark: #6d1010;
  --ink: #1f2328;
  --muted: #667085;
  --light: #98a2b3;
  --line: #e6e8ec;
  --soft: #faf6f5;
  --gold: #b58500;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  font-family: "IBM Plex Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.58;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: #fff;
}
a { color: var(--red); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: rgba(140, 21, 21, 0.30); text-underline-offset: 2px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-color: var(--red); }

/* ---------- layout ---------- */
.layout {
  max-width: min(1120px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 268px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 52px; row-gap: 0;
  padding: 34px 0 60px;
}
.sidecol { position: sticky; top: 22px; align-self: start; }
/* two-column desktop: sidebar spans both rows, nav sits above the content */
@media (min-width: 901px) {
  .sidecol { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / span 2; }
  .nav { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; }
  main { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
}
.side img.portrait { width: 100%; max-width: 232px; border-radius: 12px; display: block; }
.side .name { font-size: 1.35rem; font-weight: 650; margin-top: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
.side .title { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.93rem; margin-top: 3px; line-height: 1.45; }
.side .title a { text-decoration-color: rgba(140,21,21,.25); }
.side .themes {
  margin-top: 12px; font-size: 0.86rem; color: var(--ink);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 9px 0; line-height: 1.5;
}
.side .themes b { color: var(--red-dark); font-weight: 650; display: block; font-size: 0.72rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.07em; margin-bottom: 3px; }
.side .where { margin-top: 11px; font-size: 0.86rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.5; }

/* icon row */
.iconrow { display: flex; gap: 14px; margin-top: 13px; align-items: center; }
.iconrow a { display: inline-flex; color: var(--red); text-decoration: none; }
.iconrow svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; fill: currentColor; display: block; }
.iconrow a:hover { color: var(--red-dark); }

/* news box in sidebar */
.newsbox {
  margin-top: 18px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 9px;
  background: #fcfcfd; overflow: hidden;
}
.newsbox .hd {
  font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  color: var(--red-dark); padding: 8px 12px 6px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: #fff;
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: baseline;
}
.newsbox .hd a { font-size: 0.68rem; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; }
.newsbox .body { max-height: 300px; overflow-y: auto; padding: 8px 12px 10px; }
.newsbox .it { font-size: 0.82rem; line-height: 1.45; padding: 6px 0; border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--line); }
.newsbox .it:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.newsbox .it .d { color: var(--light); font-size: 0.75rem; display: block; }

main { min-width: 0; }

/* ---------- nav (right aligned; collapses to a tap-to-open menu on phones) ---------- */
.nav { margin-bottom: 22px; }
.navlinks {
  display: flex; gap: 20px; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-bottom: 12px;
}
.navlinks a { color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.01em; }
.navlinks a:hover { color: var(--red); }
.navlinks a.active { color: var(--red); }
.navbtn { display: none; }
/* News rides in the phone menu only; the desktop row is unchanged */
.navlinks .navnews { display: none; }

/* a hidden checkbox drives the phone menu — no JS on the site */
.toggle { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }

/* ---------- type ---------- */
h1 { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: -0.01em; margin-bottom: 10px; }
h2 {
  font-size: 1.02rem; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--red-dark); margin: 2em 0 0.55em;
}
h3 { font-size: 1.06rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 1.1em 0 0.3em; }
p { margin: 0.6em 0; }
.muted { color: var(--muted); }
.small { font-size: 0.9em; }
.tagline { font-style: italic; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.05rem; }
.bigq { margin-top: 8px; font-weight: 600; }

.notice {
  background: var(--soft); border-left: 3px solid var(--red); border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 13px 18px; margin: 0 0 20px;
}
.notice p { margin: 0.25em 0; }
.notice .lead { font-weight: 650; }

/* ---------- home research overview (2x2 cards) ---------- */
.ovgrid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 16px; margin-top: 14px; }
.ovcard { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 10px; padding: 15px 17px 14px; background: #fff; }
.ovcard h3 { margin: 0 0 3px; font-size: 1.0rem; }
.ovcard h3 a { text-decoration: none; }
.ovcard h3 a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.ovcard .scope { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0 0 9px; line-height: 1.5; }
.ovcard ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; }
.ovcard li { font-size: 0.87rem; margin: 5px 0; line-height: 1.45; }
.ovcard .ur {
  margin: 9px 0 0; padding-top: 8px; border-top: 1px dotted var(--line);
  font-size: 0.83rem; color: var(--light); line-height: 1.45;
}

/* ---------- research ---------- */
.theme { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 10px; padding: 18px 20px; margin: 16px 0; }
.theme h3 { margin-top: 0; }
.theme .q { color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.theme ul.papers { margin: 10px 0 6px 1.05em; }
.theme ul.papers li { margin: 6px 0; font-size: 0.94rem; }
.badge {
  display: inline-block; background: var(--red); color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 700; border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 1px 7px; margin-right: 6px; vertical-align: 1px; white-space: nowrap;
}
.badge.gold { background: var(--gold); }
.kw { color: var(--light); font-size: 0.86rem; margin-top: 8px; }
.todo {
  background: #fffbeb; border: 1px dashed #d9b44a; border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 7px 12px; font-size: 0.88rem; color: #7a6420; margin: 7px 0;
}
figure { margin: 22px 0 4px; text-align: center; }
figure svg, figure img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

/* ---------- publications ---------- */
.yearhead { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--red-dark); margin: 26px 0 4px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding-bottom: 4px; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }
.pub { margin: 12px 0; font-size: 0.94rem; }
.pub .t { font-weight: 650; }
.pub .a { color: var(--muted); }
.pub .v { font-style: italic; color: var(--muted); }
.pub .v b { font-style: normal; color: var(--ink); }
.pub .me { font-weight: 700; color: var(--ink); }
.pub .me.lead { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: rgba(140,21,21,.5); }
.award-inline { color: var(--red); font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.88em; }

/* ---------- lists (service / awards / news page) ---------- */
.rows { margin: 4px 0 2px; }
.row { display: flex; gap: 14px; padding: 4px 0; font-size: 0.94rem; border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--line); }
.row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.row .yr { flex: 0 0 108px; color: var(--light); font-size: 0.86rem; }
.row .txt { flex: 1; }
.row .txt i { color: var(--muted); }

.news-list { list-style: none; }
.news-list li { display: flex; gap: 12px; margin: 9px 0; align-items: baseline; }
.news-date { flex: 0 0 92px; color: var(--light); font-size: 0.86rem; }
.news-tag {
  flex: 0 0 auto; font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 700; border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 1px 7px; color: #fff; background: var(--red); letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}
.news-tag.award { background: var(--gold); }
.news-tag.service { background: var(--muted); }
.news-body { flex: 1; font-size: 0.95rem; }

.student { margin: 7px 0; font-size: 0.94rem; }
.student .place { color: var(--muted); }
.student .venues { color: var(--light); font-size: 0.86rem; }

footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
footer .inner { max-width: min(1120px, calc(100% - 40px)); margin: 0 auto; padding: 16px 0; color: var(--light); font-size: 0.85rem; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 22px; }
  /* .side and .newsbox become items of .layout, so news can be ordered past main */
  .sidecol { display: contents; }
  .side { position: static; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 130px 1fr; column-gap: 18px; row-gap: 4px; align-items: start; order: 1; }
  .side img.portrait { max-width: 130px; grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / span 4; }
  .side .name, .side .title, .side .iconrow { grid-column: 2; }
  .side .themes, .side .where { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  main { order: 2; }
  .newsbox { order: 3; margin-top: 0; }
  /* stacked above the content, research themes and the postal address are just
     the home page repeating itself — the mail icon still carries the address */
  body.sub .side .themes, body.sub .side .where { display: none; }
  body.sub .side { padding-bottom: 14px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .newsbox .body { max-height: 260px; }
  .nav { order: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
  .navlinks { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

/* phones: the nav becomes an icon menu pinned to the top-right corner,
   and the news box gives way to the News entry inside that menu */
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .nav { position: relative; display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; }
  .navbtn {
    display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    width: 42px; height: 38px; cursor: pointer;
    -webkit-user-select: none; user-select: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; background: #fff; color: var(--red);
  }
  .navbtn svg { width: 20px; height: 20px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 2; stroke-linecap: round; }
  .navbtn .ico-close { display: none; }
  #navtoggle:checked ~ .navbtn .ico-open { display: none; }
  #navtoggle:checked ~ .navbtn .ico-close { display: block; }
  #navtoggle:focus-visible ~ .navbtn { outline: 2px solid var(--red); outline-offset: 2px; }

  .navlinks { display: none; }
  #navtoggle:checked ~ .navlinks {
    display: block; position: absolute; top: calc(100% + 6px); right: 0; z-index: 20;
    min-width: 190px; padding: 0; overflow: hidden;
    background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(31, 35, 40, 0.13);
  }
  #navtoggle:checked ~ .navlinks a,
  #navtoggle:checked ~ .navlinks .navnews { display: block; padding: 11px 14px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
  #navtoggle:checked ~ .navlinks a:first-child { border-top: none; }

  .newsbox { display: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  body { font-size: 15.5px; }
  .layout { max-width: calc(100% - 32px); padding-top: 22px; }
  .side { grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr; gap: 14px; }
  .side img.portrait { max-width: 100px; border-radius: 10px; }
  .side .name { font-size: 1.15rem; margin-top: 0; }
  h1 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
  .news-list li, .row { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
  .news-date, .row .yr { flex: 0 0 auto; }
  .news-body, .row .txt { flex: 1 1 100%; }
  .theme { padding: 14px; }
  .notice { padding: 12px 14px; }
}

.row .yr2 { flex: 0 0 210px; color: var(--red-dark); font-weight: 650; font-size: 0.9rem; }
@media (max-width: 520px) { .row .yr2 { flex: 0 0 auto; } }

.badge.ur { background: #98a2b3; }
.hinge {
  color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.95rem; margin: 16px 6% 4px; line-height: 1.5;
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .ovgrid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hinge { margin: 14px 0 2px; text-align: left; }
}

/* ---------- paper chips (short name + venue) ---------- */
.ptags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 7px; margin: 4px 0 2px; }
.ptag {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 2px 4px 2px 11px; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; background: #fff;
}
.ptag b {
  background: var(--red); color: #fff; border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 1px 9px; font-size: 0.71rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.ptag:hover { border-color: var(--red); }
.ptag.gold b { background: var(--gold); }
.ptag.nolink { color: var(--muted); }
.ptag.nolink:hover { border-color: var(--line); }
.theme .ptags { margin-top: 12px; }
@media (max-width: 520px) { .ptag { font-size: 0.82rem; align-items: baseline; } }

/* ---------- selected venue counts ---------- */
.venueline {
  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 3px solid var(--red); border-radius: 8px;
  background: #fcfcfd; padding: 9px 13px; font-size: 0.86rem; line-height: 1.9; color: var(--muted);
}
.venueline .vl-hd {
  display: inline-block; font-size: 0.7rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--red-dark); margin-right: 8px;
}
.venueline b { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 650; }

/* ---------- related papers line ---------- */
.related { font-size: 0.88rem; line-height: 1.75; margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--ink); }
.related .rp { color: var(--muted); font-weight: 650; }
.related a { text-decoration-color: rgba(140,21,21,.28); }
.theme .related { margin-top: 12px; font-size: 0.92rem; }
.ovcard .related { font-size: 0.86rem; }

/* ---------- research questions list (About) ---------- */
.qlist { list-style: none; margin: 10px 0 12px; }
.qlist li { position: relative; padding-left: 18px; margin: 5px 0; font-size: 0.97rem; }
.qlist li::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 2px; top: 0.62em;
  width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--red);
}